When must a guardian ad litem be appointed by the court?

The appointment of a guardian ad litem is primarily intended to represent the best interests of a minor in legal proceedings when their rights and welfare need proper advocacy. When no parent or guardian appears at the hearing, the court is concerned about the minor's interests being adequately protected. In such situations, appointing a guardian ad litem ensures that there is someone present who can speak on behalf of the child and advocate for their needs and rights in the absence of parental guidance.

This role is crucial in maintaining the integrity of the legal process and ensuring that the minor’s voice is heard, particularly when they may not have a direct advocate. The absence of a parent or guardian at a critical hearing signals the necessity for additional protection for the child, which is why this scenario mandates the appointment of a guardian ad litem.

The other circumstances provided, such as a minor being found guilty of a crime, caregiver requests, or evidence of educational neglect, may lead to involvement of various forms of legal representation or intervention but do not necessitate the automatic appointment of a guardian ad litem as a standard procedure.